Hon Bio

Today in class we learned about mitosis and meiosis in the cell cycle. Mitosis is when a cell starts with two chromosomes (2n) and ends with two daughter cells that hold two pairs of chromosomes (2n). 

Mitosis: 

Meiosis is when the cell starts out with one cell containing two sets of chromosomes and ends with four daughter cells with one set of chromosomes (1n). 

Meiosis: 

Chapter 6 discussion

In chapter six of, Your Inner Fish, it talks about the relationship between DNA, Embryology, and germ layers. It first mentions the scientist Karl Ernst Von Baer who discovered that organs are derived from 3 developing layers in the embryo. These three germ layers, the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, are within all animals, and are where organs are created from.

In this picture, you can see how each layer corresponds to a different set of organs.

What controls the body plan is a small piece of tissue called the organizer. It is also revealed that DNA controls the organizer, and therefore controls the body plan. This connects all there concepts to evolution, and how our bodies change over time. 

Class 28

Today we reviewed the unit test and I got a 94%:). After, we talked about our new project where we would fly through the cell and explain the organelles. 

Next we learned how to use the microscope and studied a dog flea, cheek cells, plant leaf, and a sample from the fish tank.

Unit test 4

:(

Bio class 27

Today in class we learned about pedigrees that depict Janie traits and genes are transferred from generation to generation. 

Example: 

We also learned about different types of pedigrees such as autosomal and sex linked. Autosomal is when there are normal circumstances and the traits are not linked to a gender. Sex linked is when the traits are linked to gender, mostly boys.

Autosomal recessive: 

Dominant: 

Sex linked:

Dominant:

Bio class 25

Today in class we learned how to solve for the phenotypic and genotypic ratios using two different genes.

Example: 

Here you have to solve for the different genotypes before you can solve for the specific ratios. Another way to do it is to use the the regular punnet square and use the fractions to solve for the ratios.

Example:

Here you can multiply the different fractions and solve for either a genotypic ratio or a phenotypic ratio.

Bio class 26

Today in class we learned about the integration of different genes. Sometimes two genes will determine a certain phenotype such as color. 

In class, we compared the different phenotypes of the labs as a result of specific combination of genes.

We also learned about incomplete dominance where there is no longer a dominant gene. 

In this example you can see the different phenotype a for a mix of two incomplete dominant alleles. By mixing the red and white colored flowers, one can create a pink bloom.

Next we learned about sex-linked genes. Here's an example:

Males contain a Y allele that certify a that they are male. This also allows the female     Gene to dictate what the phenotype will be.